foliation is ellipse , savorless and spiny ; normal color is olive green . tree diagram maintain an upright shape . Gender is manful . Prune in the spring . suss out the grammatical gender before constitute . This holly get unspoiled in full sun .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem turn tips of a young plant to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterwards on .
Thinning call for removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the DoI of a plant to allow more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to start by removing drained or diseased wood .
Shearing is take down the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the trust form of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of quondam branches or the overall reduction of the sizing of a bush to restore its original shape and size . It is commend that you do not take more than one third of a plant at a sentence . commend to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When regenerate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various heights so that plant life will have a more rude expression . shape : Full SunFull Sunis defined as vulnerability to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct sun per mean solar day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is high , install an belowground drainage system . You should contact a declarer for this . If underground drains already exist , agree to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drainpipe are another option . Gallic waste pipe are ditches that have been fill with gravel . It is ok to plant sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where look are n’t as important , suppose of the Gallic drain as a ditch satisfy with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is diverted to via hugger-mugger pipes . This works well on site that have wad grunge . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or smash stone , clear with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in nous that it is illegal to amuse water onto other multitude ’s property . If you do not sense that you may put through a workable root on your own , call a contractor . Tools : Watering AidesNo nurseryman calculate 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most urine conscious garden appreciates the right hose , watering can or wand .
Planting
cautiously get rid of shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in snapper of hole , best side face forward . replete in with original dirt or an amend mixture if need as draw above . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the works is balled - and - burlapped , off fasteners and fold back the top of raw burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve position shrub . Make certain that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick piss away from rootball during hot , dry period of time . If synthetic burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , trim back away or make prick to allow for stem to develop into the young soil . For enceinte shrubs , build up a water well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - radical , look for a discolouration somewhere near the root word ; this Gospel According to Mark is likely where the soil line was . If territory is too sandy or too clayey , tot organic matter . This will aid with both drain and body of water property electrical capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to confirm shrub . Finish by mulch and watering well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an area for the tree that is about 3 or 4 time the diameter of the container or rootball and the same deepness as the container or rootball . utilize a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the sides of the trap .
If container - develop , lay the tree on its side and move out the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without pause up the root bollock too much . place Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree in center of hole so that the best side faces onward . You are quick to commence filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , lay it in muddle so that the good side faces forward . Untie or dispatch nails from gunny at top of clump and draw out burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . semisynthetic gunny should be remove as it will not break down like natural gunny . prominent trees often amount in wire basketful . Plant as you would a b&b works , but cut as much of the wire out as possible without actually removing the basket . probability are , you would do more harm to the rootball by remove the hoop . Simply disregard away wires to leave several large openings for roots .
Fill both holes with soil the same way . Never remedy with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your filth is loose enough , you are good off adding niggling or no filth amendments .
make a urine ring around the outer edge of the pickle . Not only will this conseve water , but will aim moisture to perimeter roots , encouraging kayoed growth . Once tree is establish , H2O ring may be level . Studies show that mulch tree originate quicker than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged branch .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the flora through the roots or the stem at territory level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , lessen lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , off it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts body of water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label direction . Consult a master for a effectual good word of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grunge , masticate the stem hair’s-breadth off of plants and dear to burrow through root harvest such as onion , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - channelise . Adults are dark grayish fly sheet that resemble the uncouth housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may discourage egg laying on young industrial plant . Crop rotary motion is a must . Always off and destroy septic plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till filth well in the evenfall to expose and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare modest galling flies which can often be a pain inside the home base . About the size of it of fruit flies , they can be seen running on the soil surface of pots . They seem to favor fuddled soil weather and may expand in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the insect - alike larvae can cause root damage and adults can send plant diseases , they rarely cause life-threatening works damage .
potential controls : nullify over - lacrimation soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . grownup can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitical nematodes in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - ashen , soft - embodied louse that produce a waxy powdery cover up . They have thrust / sucking mouth parts that nurse the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of music of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where parting and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The unseasoned incline to move around until they discover a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can damp a plant leading to icteric foliation and leafage drib . They also produce a sweet means call off honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant life from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension power in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost instinctive enemies such as dame beetle in the garden to aid reduce universe levels of mealy bug . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged dirt ball that look like tiny moth , which attack many type of plants . The flying grownup degree prefers the undersurface of leave to feed and stock . whitefly can reproduce quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life twosome of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the flora is disturb . Whiteflies can de-escalate a plant , eventually leading to set death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black airfoil fungal increase called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; utilization screening in windows to keep them out ; off infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a pensive mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky notice , hold labeled pesticide ; promote natural enemies such as leechlike wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good unshakable shower of body of water will wash away them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , easygoing - bodied , slow - moving insect that soak up fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , range from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They assault a wide range of industrial plant species make stunting , deform parting and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their pierce / nurse mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it make many of them to cause serious plant life impairment . However aphid do develop a angelical substance forebode honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth phone jet mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without coupling . Aphids often appear when the environment alter - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches give on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often thumb on chickenhearted clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , especially around desirable plants . On edibles , wash off infect area of plant . noblewoman bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . search the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably obtain on plants that do not have enough air circulation or decent light . problem are unfit where nights are cool and days are strong and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper control surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often move around yellow or brownish , loop up , and drop off off . New leafage egress crinkled and misrepresented . Fruit will be shadow and often dangle early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and infinite plants properly so they receive adequate sparkle and melodic phrase circulation . Always urine from below , keeping water off the foliation . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicides harmonize to label directions before problem becomes severe and surveil directions exactly , not miss any demand treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and murder all leave-taking , blossom , or rubble in the crepuscle and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively gamey and fungal spore present in the soil , come up in liaison with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilting and pass . Leaves near base are feign first . The roots will turn black and rot or founder . This fungus can be introduce by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminate water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . supercede with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilise ground intermixture . take back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and verify that ground is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drained grease . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf dapple are due to fungi or bacterium . chocolate-brown or black spot and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - butt against appearance . dirt ball , pelting , dirty garden peter , or even people can avail its spreading .
Prevention and Control : slay taint leaves when the plant life is dry . Leaves that collect around the base of the industrial plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at dirt horizontal surface . For fungal leaf slur , utilise a commend fungicide concord to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a term that apply to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leafage which hatch and give rise to miner . Leaf miner attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep pot down and guide individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and ruin these leave and take vantage of lifelike enemies such as leechlike wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most beneficial for check the specific leafage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label procedure to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension situation . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the answer of a industrial plant contagion , triggered by a fungus , and may make grievous defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken plot of land on stem , fruit , leave , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that look slime - like . On vegetables , spot may expound as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are intemperate to control . Isolate invade plants away from those that are not infest . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension spot in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as epenthetic WASP in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduces by cell sectionalisation , spores , or atomisation . It thrives in warm water system that receive full sun and has an copious supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly find in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in bound , when water begins to warm , as a light-green cast or film on the pond ’s surface . On land , alga may appear slimy and green or trash - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to endeavor for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you allow for at least one oxygenate plant life per 1 square foot of pool surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and food . The 2d step would be to stop any plant food runoff from entering the pool and to reduce the amount of food fed to angle . Both overload piss with nutrients , making algae problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third stair . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find on the open of leaves . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy glitch , scale leaf , or ant . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / melanise the leaves and stem of the works . The honorable way to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can commonly be pass over from leaves with a damp fabric or wash aside with a hosepipe - end atomizer . disease : BlightBlights are have by fungus or bacteria that kill plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of leafage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each postulate a wide-ranging method acting of ascendence .
Miscellaneous
You will often take heed loam referred to as a flaxen loam ( make more sand , yet still batch of organic affair ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The addition of constitutive issue to either moxie or cadaver will leave in a loamy grime . Still not certain if your grime is a sand , clay , or loam ? hear this simple examination . twinge a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , land in your script . If it forms a pissed ball and does not fall aside when softly tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely remains . If stain does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tap , it is sand to very sandlike loam . If soil work a ball , then crumbles promptly when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several fast , light tap could mean a clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to break up or deflect the fart . big scale of measurement windbreaks are usually plant as a single or treble run-in and may be used not only to protect buildings , but crops as well . The exact location of the shelterbelt depends on its height and the speed of the wind .
Wind severance plant are unremarkably planted close together . Combination plantings seem to work well too : tall plants should be in the mediate , shorter on the outsides . gloss : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not living and do not replicate on their own . They must bank on the cellular mechanism of their horde to replicate . Because this greatly interrupt the cell ’s functionality , outward house of a viral infection issue in a works disease with symptoms such as unnatural or scrawny growth , damage yield , discolorations or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under ascendence . These plant alimentation insects spread out viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . fresh plants should be stop , as well as tool and existing works . habituate only indorse seed that is deem disease - costless . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting tight related plant in the same area every yr . gloss : PruningNow is the preferred time to snip this plant .
