leafage is broad , glossy and prickly ; normal color is dark olive green . tree diagram maintain a thick conical shape . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . jibe the gender before planting . This holly grow best in full sunlight .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is take the stem tip of a young plant to promote fork . Doing this quash the motivation for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves take whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to countenance more light source in and to increase breeze circulation that can abridge down on plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is level off the airfoil of a shrub using script or galvanising shears . This is done to maintain the hope shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branch or the overall decrease of the size of a bush to restore its original form and size of it . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a sentence . think of to take away leg from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate works with canes , such as nandina , slue back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , lineal Lord’s Day per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe disport to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water tabular array is gamey , install an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drains already exist , watch to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drain are another pick . French drains are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is okay to institute sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solvent where look are n’t as important , think of the French waste pipe as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet mystifying and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is diverted to via cloak-and-dagger pipes . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and rich and fill with gravel or crushed Isidor Feinstein Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other people ’s prop . If you do not feel that you could implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows supernumerary wet to debilitate away . Most plant like about 1 column inch of water per workweek . Amending your dirt with compost will help meliorate texture and pee holding or run out capacitance . A 3 inch bed of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have show that mulch plants grow faster than non - mulched works .
Planting
If container - grow , lie in the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . relax the root around the edges without breaking up the theme ball too much . Position tree in center of pickle so that the good side present forward . You are quick to start fill in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , place it in jam so that the best side faces forward . Untie or take nails from burlap at top of ball and commit burlap back , so it does not stick out of yap when grime is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . Larger trees often come in in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire by as potential without in reality take the basket . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by take away the basket . Simply burn away telegram to leave several turgid opening for roots .
fill up both holes with soil the same way . Never amend with less than half original territory . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no soil amendments .
make a urine ring around the outer boundary of the gob . Not only will this conseve H2O , but will aim wet to perimeter stem , encouraging outer increment . Once tree is established , water system ring may be pull down . Studies show that mulched trees grow quicker than those unmulched , so bestow a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most territory and enters the works through the origin or the stem at dirt level . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , murder it . If your works is in a container , chuck out the grime too . Wash the commode with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts piss root . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label guidance . Consult a professional person for a legal good word of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the stain , jaw the source hairs off of plant and passion to tunnel through root harvest such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , shining bloodless and blunt - headed . grownup are dismal grey fly that resemble the unwashed housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating run-in blanket or cheesecloth set over seedbed in other spring may deter orchis laying on new plant life . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic plant . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till grime well in the autumn to debunk and destroy pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a pain in the neck inside the home . About the sizing of yield fly , they can be seen running on the dirt surface of pot . They seem to favor pixilated grunge conditions and may expand in admixture carry hardwood bark or manure . While the dirt ball - like larvae can make root damage and adults can transmit plant diseases , they rarely cause severe plant damage .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use label insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . Adults can be control with recommended insecticides , as well . boost lifelike enemies such as parasitic nematode worm in the garden . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dim - white , lenient - embodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / suck up mouth portion that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften wait like small pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaf and stems subdivision . They set on a encompassing range of plants . The young run to move around until they incur a desirable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . mealy bug can weaken a plant leading to yellow leaf and foliage drop . They also produce a sweet content called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can conduce to an unattractive black surface fungal ontogenesis call pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confab your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office staff in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural foeman such as peeress beetle in the garden to assist reduce population levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged dirt ball that look like tiny moths , which round many type of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the undersurface of leaves to eat and breed . whitefly can breed quickly as a female person can lay up to 500 eggs in a life yoke of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of flee insects when the plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to plant last if they are not check . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a scented meat call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungous growth called sooty clay sculpture .
potential control : keep green goddess down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants forth from non - infested plants ; use a contemplative mulch ( aluminium hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; snare with yellow sticky board , apply labeled pesticide ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a skilful unbendable shower of water will lave them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , voiced - bodied , slow - moving insects that fellate fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many vividness , ranging from gullible to brown to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of a function of plant life species causing stunt flying , deformed leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their pierce / suck mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious works damage . However aphids do bring out a mellifluous substance call honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can go to an unattractive mordant surface ontogenesis called sooty mould .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can acquire up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment deepen - fountain & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches fertilise on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , peculiarly around desirable plant life . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewings will feed on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to keep in line aphids . Seek the passport of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate luminosity . problem are risky where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery whitened or gray fungus is usually receive on the upper airfoil of leaves or yield . Leaves will often become icteric or brown , curl up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant varieties and space plants the right way so they receive adequate light and gentle wind circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slowly on the atomic number 7 plant food . Apply fungicides accord to label directions before problem becomes severe and watch over directions exactly , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the surrender and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet level are overly high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The substructure of stanch discolor and flinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilting and die . Leaves near substructure are affected first . The roots will release black and waste or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilised grunge mixing or contaminate urine .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their root , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only utilize fresh , sterilized land mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water flora and check that that soil is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms await alike to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained soils . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are cause by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black smirch and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water pawn or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the flora is teetotal . Leaves that collect around the base of the industrial plant should be crease up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be conduct at territory stratum . For fungal leaf spot , apply a recommend fungicide concord to recording label directions .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that apply to various larva ( of moth , beetle , and flies ) that burrow between upper and lower leaf airfoil , entrust a classifiable , squiggly radiation diagram . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hatching and give ascension to miners . Leaf mineworker attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep mourning band down and spotter individual industrial plant for tell - fib squiggles . clean and destroy these leaves and take advantage of natural enemy such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide nebuliser when most good for controlling the specific leafage miner . Seek a professional recommendation and watch over all recording label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD turn should be available from your local Cooperative Extension authority . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the solution of a plant infection , stimulate by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely result in last . Sunken patches on shank , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - tan spore mess that appear slime - like . On veg , spots may blow up as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to contain . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not overrun . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension business office in your county for a effectual good word regarding their control . Encourage natural opposition such as parasitic wasps in the garden . gage : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by cellular telephone division , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming water that receives full sunlight and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most normally feel in pond that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying region on farming or in drainage ditches . Most noticeable in spring , when water begins to warm up , as a light-green cast or plastic film on the pool ’s surface . On ground , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenise plant per 1 square metrical foot of pool Earth’s surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and food . The 2d step would be to block any fertilizer overflow from entering the pond and to thin out the amount of food feed to fish . Both overload water with nutrient , making algae problems regretful . trim down the amount of sunlight penetrating the pool ’s aerofoil is the third step . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the airfoil of leaves . It feed on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy microbe , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stems of the plant . The good elbow room to hold sooty mold is to assure the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty modeling can usually be pass over from foliage with a damp textile or washed away with a hose - end sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are make by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various works , each requiring a varied method acting of ascendance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thripid under control . These works feeding louse spread out computer virus . Viruses can also be inaugurate by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . get down bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant life should be check , as well as tools and existing works . Use only license seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not embed intimately related plants in the same arena every year .
