Foliage is oval , glossy and barbellate ; normal color is dark olive green . tree exert an erect shape . Fruit is vivid red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This species does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the grammatical gender before constitute . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the stem tips of a young flora to promote branch . Doing this avoid the motivation for more serious pruning later on .
cutting involves remove whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to give up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase aura circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to begin thinning is to begin by take out dead or diseased Ellen Price Wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a bush using mitt or galvanic shear . This is done to asseverate the desire conformation of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of a bush to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a fourth dimension . call up to transfer branch from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , reduce back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more natural looking . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of uninterrupted , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it perchance diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water system mesa is high , instal an underground drain scheme . You should touch a declarer for this . If hush-hush drain already survive , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drain are another choice . French drains are ditch that have been sate with crushed rock . It is ok to plant sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as crucial , suppose of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water supply is diverted to via underground pipe . This works well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed gemstone , topped with guts and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you may implement a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it sound like . Soil is moist without being sloppy because the grain of the soil allows excess moisture to drain away . Most plants like about 1 in of body of water per week . Amending your soil with compost will help improve texture and pee holding or draining content . A 3 column inch layer of mulch will help to maintain grease moisture and sketch have show that mulched industrial plant produce faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , rest the tree on its side and remove the container . Loosen the roots around the bound without breaking up the root clump too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side faces fore . You are ready to start satiate in with stain .
If set a balled and burlaped Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , lay it in hole so that the better side faces forward . Untie or remove nails from burlap at top of clump and displume burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . Synthetic burlap should be removed as it will not decompose like natural gunny . big trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant life , but cut as much of the conducting wire away as potential without actually removing the field goal . Chances are , you would do more damage to the rootball by removing the handbasket . Simply abridge away wires to leave several large openings for theme .
occupy both holes with soil the same way . Never improve with less than half original territory . Recent studies show that if your soil is loose enough , you are good off add up little or no filth amendments .
Create a body of water ring around the out edge of the pickle . Not only will this conseve water , but will send wet to perimeter roots , encouraging outer growth . Once tree is plant , piddle band may be level . field show that mulch tree diagram grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverise barque over backfilled area . take any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the industrial plant through the roots or the stem at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a works is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , polish off it . If your flora is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 parts water solvent . antimycotic agent can be used , concord to label charge . look up a professional person for a legal recommendation of what antifungal agent to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the stain , masticate the root hairs off of industrial plant and love to burrow through root word crop such as onions , ail and leek . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glossy ashen and blunt - channelise . Adults are dark grey flies that resemble the plebeian housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row covers or cheesecloth fix over seedbeds in early spring may discourage orchis laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always hit and destroy infected flora . good nemtodes will feed on maggot as well . Till grunge well in the crepuscle to expose and destruct pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky fly which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of it of yield flies , they can be seen running on the soil airfoil of pots . They seem to favor wet grime conditions and may expand in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can make solution damage and adult can transmit plant diseases , they seldom stimulate serious plant damage .
potential control : void over - watering soil . Another option : use tag insecticidal drenches against the juvenile microscope stage . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticide , as well . further natural foe such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - snowy , soft - embodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that suckle the sap out of works tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like minor pieces of cotton fiber and they lean to congregate where leaves and stem arm . They attack a blanket range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find out a suitable eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant life leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting sinister surface fungous development called jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . refer your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage natural opposition such as lady beetles in the garden to facilitate reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare belittled , winged insects that look like petite moth , which attack many types of plants . The fly grownup stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can position up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the works is touch . Whiteflies can step down a plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can carry many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a sweet marrow foretell honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can contribute to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
potential controls : keep weeds down ; manipulation screen in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow muggy card , apply labeled pesticide ; promote natural enemies such as epenthetic WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a skillful regular shower of weewee will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , diffuse - corporal , slowly - moving insects that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from green to Brown University to inglorious , and they may have backstage . They attack a all-inclusive range of works mintage causing stunt flying , deformed leaves and buds . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , broadly speaking , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to have serious plant damage . However aphids do produce a perfumed substance call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface growing called sooty cast .
Aphids can increase cursorily in numbers and each female person can acquire up to 250 live houri in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - outpouring & nightfall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue paper . aphid are draw in to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep Mary Jane to an downright minimum , especially around desirable plant . On edibles , moisten off infected sphere of plant . Lady hemipterous insect and lacewings will run on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to insure aphid . search the recommendation of a professional and follow all label subroutine to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually ground on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . job are worse where nights are coolheaded and days are strong and humid . The powdery livid or gray fungus is usually line up on the upper Earth’s surface of leaves or yield . foliage will often turn yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage emerges crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be overshadow and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant salmagundi and distance plants properly so they get adequate illumination and air circulation . Always piddle from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go slowly on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any expect handling . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leave , flower , or junk in the crepuscule and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt moisture grade are to a fault high and fungous spore present in the ground , come in physical contact with the susceptible plant . The substructure of stems discolor and wither , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and die . Leaves near base are affected first . The stem will grow black and moulder or break . This kingdom Fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminate water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surround soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilize soil mix . Hold back on fertilize too . stress not to over water plants and verify that grease is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom take care standardized to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drained ground . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to kingdom Fungi or bacterium . dark-brown or disgraceful spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a H2O soaked or yellow - edged show . insect , rain , foul garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : get rid of infected leaves when the industrial plant is dry . Leaves that gather up around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . void overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungal leafage spot , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a terminal figure that apply to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and lower foliage surface , leave a distinctive , squiggly approach pattern . A distaff adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the folio which hatch and give rise to mineworker . Leaf miner onset ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep sess down and scout individual plants for tell - tale squiggles . break up and destruct these folio and take vantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps . experience the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your arena to target insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific foliage miner . Seek a professional testimonial and come after all recording label procedure to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , triggered by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , especially in tree , but seldom results in demise . recessed maculation on stem turn , yield , leaves , or twigs , seem grayish brown , may appear watery , and have pinkish - tan spore flock that appear slime - comparable . On veg , spots may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to insure . Isolate infested flora away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden shopping center professional or Cooperative Extension post in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendence . boost natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell division , spore , or atomisation . It thrives in warming water that receives full Dominicus and has an ample supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie in areas on land or in drainage ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when piss start to warm up , as a greenish cast or picture show on the pond ’s airfoil . On commonwealth , alga may appear slimy and green or trash - similar . Prevention and Control : The best bar is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is commend that you allow for at least one oxygenize plant per 1 straight invertebrate foot of pond airfoil . Good oxygenators admit charis , genus Cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for atomic number 6 dioxide and nutrients . The 2d footmark would be to check any plant food runoff from enter the pool and to deoxidise the amount of food fed to fish . Both overburden water with nutrient , making alga problems worsened . concentrate the amount of sunlight permeate the pond ’s airfoil is the third stone’s throw . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty cast is a fungus that is found on the Earth’s surface of leaves . It fertilize on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy bug , weighing machine , or pismire . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it overlay / nigrify the leave of absence and stem of the plant life . The upright path to verify coal-black mold is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can commonly be wiped from leave with a damp fabric or washed aside with a hosiery - ending sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are cause by fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many dissimilar blights , specific to various plant , each want a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrip under control . These plant alimentation insects spread viruses . virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as dick and existing plant life . expend only certified seed that is take for disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby circumvolve craw , not planting closely related flora in the same area every class .
